Name____________________________________ RedID___________________ PH602 Fall 2023 Module 7 Exam 1. A study by Medtronic, a manufacturer of a cardiac resynchronization device, on 813 patients with severe heart failure yielded the following data: Hospitalized/ Died Not Hospitalized/ Survived Drugs with Electrical Cardiac Device 159 250 Drug Therapy Only 224 180 a. Test the claim that hospitalization is independent of having the cardiac device. i. State the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. ii. Specify the significance level. iii. Calculate the test statistic. iv. Determine the p-value. v. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. vi. State the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. b. Find the odds ratio for patients hospitalized/died in the drug therapy group only compared to the drugs with electrical cardiac device group. Interpret the OR. c. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate for the odds ratio of hospitalization. i. Calculate the ln(OR). ii. Calculate the standard error. iii. Find the critical value. iv. Construct and interpret the confidence interval. 2. Gender differences in dental fear was studied. A sample of 171 males and females were studied to estimate the association of dental fear and gender. The following data resulted: Fear Dentistry Do Not Fear Dentistry Male 48 21 Female 70 32 a. Find the odds ratio of the fear of dentistry comparing males to females. Interpret the OR. b. Construct a 99% confidence interval estimate for the odds ratio of the fear of dentistry. i. Calculate the ln(OR). ii. Calculate the standard error. iii. Find the critical value. iv. Construct and interpret the confidence interval. 3. A study was conducted to evaluate a treatment for migraine. Out of 27 women who were on the active treatment, 16 reported relief of migraine symptoms and that out of 25 women who were receiving the placebo, 5 reported relief. Among men, 12 out of 28 who were receiving the active treatment reported relief and 7 out of 26 who were on placebo reported relief. Male Relief No Relief Total Female Relief No Relief Total Treatment 12 16 28 Treatment 16 11 27 Placebo 7 19 26 Placebo 5 20 25 Total 19 35 54 Total 21 31 52 a. Implement an appropriate analysis at significance level α = 0.05 for testing the hypothesis that there is an association between the active treatment and relief of migraine symptoms, while controlling for gender. i. State the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. ii. Specify the significance level. iii. Calculate the test statistic. iv. Determine the p-value. v. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. vi. State the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. b. Assume that the true odds ratio associating the active treatment and the relief of migraine symptoms is the same for men and women. Obtain a point estimate for this common odds ratio. Interpret your result. 4. The following table comes from two studies, one conducted in San Francisco and the other in Los Angeles, that investigate risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer. The measure of the unadjusted association between term pregnancies and cancer is OR=1.45 (95% CI: 1.06—1.98). It is speculated that study location is confounding the association. Study OR 95% CI SF 1.58 (0.99—2.53) LA 1.64 (1.07—2.52) M-H Combined 1.61 (1.18—2.22) a. Based on the 95% CIs for each study location, determine if it is appropriate to use the Mantel-Haenszel method to combine the information. Explain your reasoning. b. Interpret the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the adjusted OR. Describe the direction, magnitude and significance of the association.
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