Al-Bakri and Leo Africanus were not native to the areas they discussed. What difference might that make to their view of Ghana and Mali? How might their background have influenced what they saw and described? Did they see everything they described, or were things described to them by others? Did they think the culture that they were writing about was lesser than their own or equal to it? How does Al-Umari’s discussion of Mali differ from Leo’s? What might account for those differences? What do the Ghanaian proverbs add to your understanding of that culture?

https://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/teachingresourc…

https://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/teachingresourc…

https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/med/leo_afri.asp

https://sdaworldhistory.edublogs.org/files/2015/10…