We Are Social Animals
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Click on the speaker icon to listen to narration. Click on the slide background to move to the next slide.
Spend 12+ Waking Hours Around Others
Keys to Happiness Include Friends & Family
Interpersonal & Teamwork Skills are Among the 4 Key Skills for Workplace Success SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE WAY IN WHICH PEOPLE’S THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIORS ARE INFLUENCED BY THE ACTUAL, IMAGINED, OR IMPLIED PRESENCE OF OTHERS. In the top 2 pictures others are actually present and exerting influence. In the bottom picture, the person is alone but the concern for his appearance indicates the influence of others he will see—the implied or imagined presence of others. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY The actual or implied presence of others affects our behavior. Do you act differently when others are around than when they are not? INFLUENCE CAN BE:
IMPORTANT OR TRIVIAL
OBVIOUS OR SUBTLE
TEMPORARY OR LONG-LASTING Click on the black screen to show video 1 Trivial Influence Important Influence OBVIOUS OR SUBTLE
Obvious Influence Subtle Influence The presence of others can affect our performance, sometimes without us realizing it. TEMPORARY OR LONGLONG-LASTING
TEMPORARY
LONG-LASTING
SEATING PATTERN
FOOD PREFERENCES 2 Food We May Like Food We May Not Like We Are Social Animals Major Topics of the Course
Others have profound influence on us, and
Module 1: The Social Impact on Self: we have profound influence on others. This is what Social Psychology is about.
Although social influence is a unifying theme that defines Social Psychology, there are a number of specialized topics that will be covered in the course, reflecting a variety of ways in which we are influenced by others. Major Topics of the Course (Continued)
Module 3: Dealing With Others Interpersonal Attraction (Ch. 10) Prosocial Behavior (Ch. 11) • Aggression (Ch. 12) Introduction (Ch. 1) Self-Knowledge (Ch. 5) • Self-Justification (Ch. 6) • •
Module 2: Understanding Others • • Major Topics of the Course (Continued)
Module 5: Groups and Applications Group Processes (Ch. 9) Making a Sustainable Environment (Ch. 14) • Social Psychology & Health (Ch. 15) • Social Psychology & the Law (Ch. 16) • • • •
Module 4: Attitudes & Social Influence Social Cognition (Ch. 3) Social Perception (Ch. 4) Attitudes & Attitude Change (Ch. 7) Conformity (Ch. 8) • Prejudice (Ch. 13) • • 3 Please take a few minutes and write down 5 to 10 statements to answer the following question. SELF
Who am I? SELF-CONCEPT ORIGINS: SELF-CONCEPT
Perception of “Who am I?”
LOOKING LOOKING–GLASS SELF





INTROSPECTION physical (tall, female) skills & competencies (smart, athletic) psychological (beliefs, shy, energetic) social (friendly, popular) groups (club, church, family, family roles)
SELF SELF–PERCEPTION
SOCIAL COMPARISON SCHEMATIC INFORMATION IS MORE EASILY NOTICED 3 SELF-SCHEMA 2 INDEPENDENT WORDS 1 DEPENDENT WORDS 0 oneself that organizes and guides the processing of selfself-relevant information. REACTION TIME
A organized knowledge structure about INDEPENDENT PARTICIPANTS DEPENDENT PARTICIPANTS Judged words & indicated whether they were: a) in big letters, b) rhymes with “kite”, c) means “intelligent”, d) describes self. Aspects of Self-Esteem
Social Confidence: How one gets along with others (likable, friendly)
Competence (intellectual ability, physical SMART polite athletic bright LAZY abilities, skills)
Physical Attractiveness
Personal Goodness (moral, ethical, conscientious) SELF-AWARENESS SELF AWARENESS (CONTROL THEORY) WHEN SELFAWARE DOES BEHAVIOR MATCH STANDARD? CONTROL THEORY
TRICK OR TREAT MIRROR REDUCES STEALING FROM 50% TO 10%
FAILURE TO MATCH STANDARDS LEADS TO NEG. EMOTIONS: DISAPPOINTMENT, SHAME, GUILT, FEAR, EMBARRASSMENT
WHEN SELFSELF-AWARE AND BEHAVIOR DOESN’T MATCH STANDARDS (FAILED TEST) SUBJECTS LEAVE EXPERIMENT MORE QUICKLY NO CAN BEHAVIOR BE CHANGED TO MATCH STANDARD? YES NO POSITIVE FEELINGS EXIT SELFAWARENESS NEGATIVE EMOTIONS AVOID SELFAWARENESS YES CHANGE BEHAVIOR COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
An uncomfortable state of tension that Ch. 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions exists when two cognitions contradict each other.
Usually caused by acting in a way that is inconsistent with one’s customary, typically positive selfself-conception
You might experience dissonance if you should study but don’t, or if you buy something you can’t afford. DISSONANCE LEADS TO ATTITUDE CHANGE IF: Dissonance Causes Tension
Counter Counter–attitudinal essay increases arousal.
Persons who are more aroused show more
CHOICE attitude change
Liquor or tranquilizer decreases attitude change following countercounter-attitudinal essay.
Amphetamine increases attitude change following countercounter-attitudinal essay. CHOICE
LACK OF JUSTIFICATION
AVERSIVE CONSEQUENCES
COMMITMENT CHANGE BETWEEN RATINGS 40 30
Housewives evaluated household products (radio, lamp, stopwatch, print)
Either: 1. given a gift chosen by the experimenter 2. choose gift between most & least liked ones 3. choose gift between 2 equally liked alternatives. 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 NO CHOICE LO DISS HI DISS GIFT OTHER LACK OF JUSTIFICATION Lying for $ LIKING FOR THE EXPERIMENT 12
Subjects participated in a boring study  some lied for $1, some for $20, some no lie
Behavior Behavior–Attitude Inconsistency with lack of justification produced dissonance
Dissonance led to attitude change 10 8 no lie 6 4 $20 2 $1 0 JUSTIFICATION TO LIE Lack of Justification liking for grasshoppers.
if eaten for a negative officer, soldiers liked grasshoppers better than if eaten for a friendly officer. PERCENT LIKING GRASSHOPPERS
Eating Grasshoppers –sometimes –sometimes produces Liking for Fried Grasshoppers 60% 50% 40% 30% pos officer 20% neg officer 10% 0% PERSON MAKING REQUEST AVERSIVE CONSEQUENCES EFFECTIVE COUNTERATTITUDINAL ESSAY COMMITMENT CHANGE FOLLOWING A NEGATIVE EVALUATION ESSAY TO INCREASE COLLEGE FEES -8 12 10 EFFECTIVE 8 6 4 2 0 NOT EFFECTIVE Change in Evaluations ATTITUDE TOWARD FEE INCREASE -9 14 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 COMMITMENT NO COMMITMENT
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