PICOT Worksheet Chamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

Name:

Date:

Your Instructor’s Name:

Purpose: To identify a problem or concern that nursing can change and develop a PICOT question to guide the change project.

Directions: Use the form below to complete the Week 3 Assignment PICOT Evidence Worksheet. This includes filling in the table with information about your research question and your PICOT elements and the second part is filling in the Evidence Worksheet.

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Step 1: Select the key PICO terms for searching the evidence. Clearly define your PICOT question. List each element P (problem, population, or problem), I (intervention), C (Comparison with other treatment/current practice), and O (Desired outcome), T (Time Frame). Is the potential solution something for which you (as nurse or student) can find a solution through evidence research? Look in your book for guidelines to developing your PICOT question and also read the required articles. PICOT Worksheet Chamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

Step 2: Identify the problem. What have you noticed in your work or school environment that isn’t achieving the desired patient or learning outcomes? What needs to change in nursing, what can you change with the support of evidence in the literature? Describe the problem or practice issue that you want to research. What is your practice area; clinical, education, or administration? (This is NOT where you will list your PICOT question)

Step 3: How was the practice issues identified? How did you come to know this was a problem in your clinical practice? Review the listed concerns and check all that apply.

Step 4: Identifies and documents four sources of evidence. What evidence must be gathered? What sources of reliable information will be helpful for your particular question? Describes rationale for all checked types of evidence

Step 5: What terms will you use in order to make sure that your search is wide enough to obtain required information but narrow enough to keep it focused? How will you narrow your search if needed? PICOT Worksheet Chamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

PICOT Question
What is the PICOT question?

Define each element of the question below:

P– (Patient, population, or problem):

I– (Intervention):

C– (Comparison with other treatment/current practice):

O– (Desired outcome):

T– (Time Frame):

What is the practice issue/problem? What is the scope of the issue? What is the need for change?

PICOT Worksheet Chamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

What is the practice area?
(check all that apply)

___ Clinical

___ Education

___ Administration

___ Other

How was the practice issue identified? (check all that apply)
___ Safety/risk management concerns

___ Unsatisfactory patient outcomes

___ Wide variations in practice

___ Significant financial concerns

___ Difference between hospital and community practice

___ Clinical practice issue is a concern

___ Procedure or process is a time waster

___ Clinical practice issue has no scientific base

___ Other:

What evidence must be gathered? (Identifies and documents four sources of evidence. Describes rationale for all checked types of evidence)
PICOT Worksheet Chamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

___ Literature search
___ Guidelines

___ Expert Opinion

___ Patient Preferences

___ Clinical Expertise
___ Financial Analysis

___ Standards (Regulatory, professional, community)

___ Other

Search terms/How to narrow the search?
PICOT WorksheetChamberlain College of Nursing Essay Assignment paper

Will is a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension. Eight months ago, he started regular dialysis therapy for ESRD. Before that, his physician was closely monitoring his condition because he had polyuria and nocturia. Soon it became difficult to manage his hypertension. He also lost his appetite, became weak, easily fatigued, and had edema around his ankles. Will debated with his physician about starting dialysis, but she insisted, before the signs and symptoms of uremia increased, the treatment was absolutely necessary.

What is the difference between azotemia and uremia?
Two years ago, Will’s physician told him to decrease his protein intake. In spite of what the physician ordered, Will could not stop having chicken, beef, pork, or eggs at least once a day. Why did his physician warn him about his diet?
Will’s feelings of weakness and fatigue are symptoms of anemia. Why is he anemic?
4 – 5 pages with reference page
Knowing what you do about Will’s history, why is left ventricular dysfunction a concern for his physician?
Requirements

Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
Cite at least three sources; journal articles, textbooks or evidenced-based websites to support the content.
All sources must be within five years.
Do not use .com, Wikipedia, or up-to-date, etc., for your sources.

Read through the Sharp Printing, AG case found in chapter 5 of the textbook. This case refers to Lauren, an experienced employee who is assigned as the project manager to the project at hand. According to the WBS, the estimate on this project was increasingly over budget. In preparation for a meeting with stakeholders, Lauren brainstormed suggestions to resolve some of the estimates originally compiled. Decide what you would do if you were the project manager on this project. Identify which suggestions offered were supportive to the end result of the project. Answer the corresponding questions provided at the end of the case (500-750 words). Use references from the reading materials to support your response. APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin, unless otherwise directed by your instructor. If so directed, refer to the Student Success Center for directions. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Case Study: Sharp Printing, AGThree years ago the Sharp Printing (SP) strategic management group set a goal of having a color laser printer available for the consumer and small business market for less than $200. A few months later the senior management met off-site to discuss the new product. The results of this meeting were a set of general technical specifications along with major deliverables, a product launch date, and a cost estimate based on prior experience. Shortly afterward, a meeting was arranged for middle management explaining the project goals, major responsibilities, the project start date, and importance of meeting the product launch date within the cost estimate. Members of all depart-ments involved attended the meeting. Excitement was high. Although everyone saw the risks as high, the promised rewards for the company and the personnel were emblazoned in their minds. A few participants questioned the legitimacy of the project duration and cost estimates. A couple of R&D people were worried about the technology required to produce the high-quality product for less than $200. But given the excitement of the moment, everyone agreed the project was worth doing and doable. The color laser printer project was to have the highest project priority in the company. Lauren was selected to be the project manager. She had 15 years of experience in printer design and manufacture, which included successful management of several projects related to printers for commercial markets. Since she was one of those uncomfortable with the project cost and time estimates, she felt getting good bottom-up time and cost estimates for the deliverables was her first concern. She quickly had a meeting with the significant stakeholders to create a WBS identifying the work packages and organizational unit responsible for implementing the work packages. Lauren stressed she wanted time and cost estimates from those who would do the work or were the most knowledgeable, if possible. Getting estimates from more than one source was encouraged. Estimates were due in two weeks. The compiled estimates were placed in the WBS/OBS. The corresponding cost estimate seemed to be in error. The cost estimate was $1,250,000 over the senior management estimate; this represents about a 20 percent overrun! The time estimate from the developed project network was only four months over the top management time estimate. Another meeting was scheduled with the significant CaseMcLeod, G., and D. Smith, Managing Information Technology Projects (Cambridge, MA: Course Technology, 1996).Milosevic, D. Z., Project Management ToolBox (Upper Saddle River, NJ: John Wiley, 2003), p. 229.Pressman, R. S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997).Symons, C. R., “Function Point Analysis: Difficulties and Improvements,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 14 (1) 1988, pp. 2–11.Lar96596_ch05_128-159.indd Page 153 10/07/13 12:51 PM user /204/MH01987/Lar96596_disk1of1/0078096596/Lar96596_pagefiles 154 Chapter 5 Estimating Project Times and CostsPost Graduation AdventureJosh and Mike met each other as roommates during freshmen year at MacAlister College in St. Paul, Minnesota. Despite a rocky start they became best friends. They are planning on going on a two week adventure together to celebrate their graduation in June. Josh has never been to Europe and wants to visit France or Spain. Mike spent a semester abroad in Aarhus, Denmark, and traveled extensively in Northern Europe. Even though he never went to France or Spain, Mike wants to go to some place more exotic like South Africa or Vietnam. For the past week they have been arguing back and forth over where they should go. Josh argues that it will cost too much to fly to South Africa or Vietnam, while Mike counters that it will be much cheaper to travel in Vietnam or South Africa once they are there. Each of them agreed that they can spend no more than $3,500 each on the trip and could be gone for only two weeks. One evening when they were arguing with each other over beers with friends, Sara said, “Why don’t you use what you learned in your project management class to decide what to do?” Josh and Mike looked at each other and agreed that made perfect sense.1. Assume you are either Mike or Josh; how would you go about making a decision using project management methodology?Casestakeholders to check the estimates and to brainstorm for alternative solutions; the cost and time estimates appeared to be reasonable. Some of the suggestions for the brainstorming session are listed below.• Change scope.• Outsource technology design.• Use the priority matrix (found in Chapter 4) to get top management to clarify their priorities.• Partner with another organization or build a research consortium to share costs and to share the newly developed technology and production methods.• Cancel the project.• Commission a break-even study for the laser printer.Very little in the way of concrete savings was identified, although there was consensus that time could be compressed to the market launch date, but at additional costs. Lauren met with the marketing (Connor), production (Kim), and design (Gage) managers who yielded some ideas for cutting costs, but nothing significant enough to have a large impact. Gage remarked, “I wouldn’t want to be the one to deliver the message to top management that their cost estimate is $1,250,000 off! Good luck, Lauren.”1. At this point, what would you do if you were the project manager?2. Was top management acting correctly in developing an estimate?3. What estimating techniques should be used for a mission critical project such as this?

Write a research report based on a hypothetical research study. Conducting research and writing a report is common practice for many students and practitioners in any of the behavioral sciences fields.

A research report, which is based on scientific method, is typically composed of the different sections listed below:

Introduction: The introduction states a specific hypothesis and how that hypothesis was derived by connecting it to previous research.
Methods: The methods section describes the details of how the hypothesis was tested and clarifies why the study was conducted in that particular way.
Results: The results section is where the raw uninterpreted data is presented.
Discussion: The discussion section is where an argument is presented on whether or not the data supports the hypothesis, the possible implications and limitations of the study, as well as possible future directions for this type of research.
Together, these sections should tell the reader what was done, how it was done, and what was learned through the research. You will create a research report based on a hypothetical problem, sample, results, and literature review. Organize your data by creating meaningful sections within your report. Make sure that you:

Apply key concepts of inferential hypothesis tests.
Interpret the research findings of the study.
Examine the assumptions and limitations of inferential tests.
Develop a practical application of the research principles covered in this course.
Focus of the Research Report
To begin, create a hypothetical research study (you do not have to carry out the study; you will just have to describe it) that is based on the three pieces of information listed below. Once you have your hypothetical study created, write a three- to four-page research report (excluding title and reference pages) that outlines the study. You are encouraged to be creative with your research study, but be sure to follow the format outlined below and adhere to APA formatting as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Your hypothetical research study should be based on the following information:

Recent research has indicated that eating chocolate can improve memory. Jones and Wilson (2011) found that eating chocolate two hours before taking math tests improved scores significantly. Wong, Hideki, Anderson, and Skaarsgard (2009) found that women are better than men on memory tests after eating chocolate.
There were 50 men and 50 women who were randomly selected from a larger population.
A t-test was conducted to compare men and women’s performance on an assessment after eating chocolate. The results showed an independentt-test value of t .05(99) = 3.43; p < .05
Your research study must contain the following:

Title Page
Title of your report
Your name
The course
Instructor
Date
Introduction
Introduce the research topic, explain why it is important, and present the purpose of the paper and the research question and hypothesis.
Discuss how this study is related to other research on the topic.
Elaborate on the information from the references you were given. State how they relate to your hypothesis.
Your introduction must:
Consist of a paragraph explaining what you are studying and why. Use previously cited research to explain your expectations and discuss how those expectations led to your hypothesis.
State a clear and testable hypothesis and whether it is one-tailed or two-tailed. Make sure it is understandable to someone who has not read the rest of your paper yet. State the null hypothesis.
Include a justification of the direction of your hypothesis. In other words, explain why you chose the direction of your hypothesis if it is one-tailed (e.g., previous research suggests that people with big feet are more likely to score higher on math tests; therefore the hypothesis is one-tailed) or if it is two-tailed (e.g., previous research is not clear on which group will perform better; therefore, the hypothesis is two-tailed).
Describe why this study is important.
Method
Design: State the experimental design of your study, the independent and dependent
variables, and what the task was (e.g., what you had the participants do).
Participants: Identify and describe your sample, how the participants were selected
to be in the study, and why you chose them. Provide details for how each individual was
assigned to each group.
Procedure: Describe the precise procedure you used to conduct this research (i.e., exactly
what you did). It should be clear enough that anyone could replicate your study. This is the
subsection where you tell the reader how you collected the data.
Data Analysis: Describe the statistical procedure used in the study to analyze the data.
Results: In this section, you will describe the statistical results:
State the statistical tests that were used.
Justify the choice of test.
State the observed value and significance level and whether the test was one or two-tailed.
State your conclusion in terms of the hypothesis.
Did you accept or reject the null hypothesis?
Discussion: Discuss your results as they relate to your hypothesis.
Did you accept the hypothesis or reject it?
Compare your results to the previous studies mentioned in the introduction. Are your results similar or different? Discuss why.
Tell the readers what your findings mean. Why did you get the results you did?
Identify limitations to your study.
Suggest ways your study could be improved.
Suggest ideas for future research, not just a continuation of your study, but research that is similar to this study. Perhaps one of the variables could be changed or a different sample could be investigated.
Finish with a concluding paragraph that is a statement of your findings and the key points of the discussion.
Conclusion: Write a paragraph detailing your experience with writing a research report. Discuss how easy/difficult it was to write a false report that reads like real results, and how this experience might affect you review research in the future. Do you think this experience will provide you with a useful skill in your potential career?
References: You will create a minimum of three fictitious references in the following format based on the information you have created in the preceding sections of the report:
Author, A., & Author, B. (Publication year). Title of the article. Journal Name, volume number(issue number), page numbers.
Example: Jones, A., & Williams, B. (2013). Why monkeys are good pets. Journal of Silly Science, 23(4), 221-222.
You may access the Critical Thinking Community (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. website for tips on how to formulate your report in a logical and meaningful manner.
Writing the Research Report
The Assignment:

Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.