Uncategorized - Pay For Essay

Literature Review Paper

February 29, 2024/in Uncategorized /by developer

Assignment 2: LASA # 1: Literature Review Paper

The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with the opportunity to select a topic in the particular area in which you have an occupational or research interest, and to complete a literature review of the topic, using a minimum of ten scholarly references. This will allow you to demonstrate mastery of the program outcomes for the B.A. psychology program at Argosy University. A helpful Web site for organizing and writing a literature review is www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html.

You may also want to review the following documents that are available in the Doc Sharing area of the course:

A sample literature review,
a PowerPoint document illustrating how to set up your word processor for APA style
a “Guide for Writing a Literature Review”
Based on your review of the most recent, relevant research findings on your chosen topic, submit a final version of your literature review paper, integrating feedback received from your instructor. Be sure to include a research/focal question, synthesis of the literature you reviewed, well-established conclusions, and points of discussion and/or future research.

Begin the review by defining the objective of the paper. Introduce the reader to your focal question. What is this question intended to address? You may state your “question” in the form of a problem if you like. Describe the topic for your literature review and why you chose this topic. Explain why you think it is important. It is also useful to tell the reader how the review is organized in your introduction section, before you the transition into the body of the review.
Organize your literature review paper by themes/theories/concepts, rather than article by article. If there is one major theme you want to highlight, state the theme. If there are three major themes or streams of thought on the topic, briefly name them—and then organize the balance of your literature review around those three streams. Think of themes, theories, concepts, lines of thought, and ideas as organizing strategies for your literature review. Your creativity in this assignment is not the content or findings but the clarity with which you organize the review and create a context for understanding the focal question.
When you are done introducing the first line of thought, create a new paragraph to discuss studies which present another line of thought or opposing view.
Your literature review should hit the high points of each article. You should not discuss a single article, one by one, like a grocery list. Zero in on the main theme or finding and then move on to the next theme. Remember, this is a synthesis, an integration of all the things you have learned. You are creating a discussion on paper, which in turn gives the reader a context for understanding where the scholarship has been, where it is currently, and where it likely will be heading next. Provide enough details to help the reader understand the significance of the studies you cite without “rebuilding Rome.” Be sure to evaluate the studies and offer critical comments on any shortcomings you’ve observed or that have been reported by the authors.

Distribution of wind speed:

February 29, 2024/in Uncategorized /by developer

Distribution of wind speed:
When building a wind farm, it is very important to describe the variation of wind speeds at the prospective farm site. Engineers need the information to optimize the design of the turbines to be used at the farm. This allows them to minimize generating costs. Just as importantly, potential investors in the wind farm need the information to estimate the potential income from electricity generation.
When these data are presented graphically, the result is called a Weibull distribution. In this laboratory, you will prepare a Weibull distribution based on observations of wind speeds and wind directions collected by the Oklahoma Mesonet.
When wind speeds throughout a year are examined, it becomes clear that days with strong winds, and days with no wind, are rare. Days with moderate winds are much more frequent. Thus, there is a distribution of wind speeds for each possible wind farm site. If a wind farm is to be built, the power generating potential of the wind for the site must be determined. The result determines whether or not it is economically feasible to build the farm.
One might erroneously conclude that the power generating potential can be determined from knowing the average wind speed and the efficiency of the wind turbine at that wind speed, but this is not the case. To calculate the power generating potential it is important to know the actual wind distribution. Usually the wind distribution is not symmetrical, that is, there is a difference between the average wind speed and the median wind speed. The median wind speed is that speed for which half of the observed wind speeds are greater than while the other half is less than. Another important statistical term to know is the “mode”. The mode is the wind speed that occurs most frequently at the site.
In previous laboratories you have been working with the average wind speed. This is the speed obtained by taking the sum of the daily average speed and dividing it by the number of days. Average wind speeds were used to identify potential wind farm sites. To determine the energy production potential of the site, the distribution of wind speeds around the average speed will be needed. Thus it is necessary to construct a graph showing the wind distribution for your potential wind farm site.
The Weibull Distribution:
The wind distribution diagram you will generate is called a “probability density distribution”. In a probability density distribution the area under the curve is exactly 1 unit. To find the probability density distribution for a particular site, you must count the number of days at each average wind speed. This was performed using data from the Perkins site from 2011 and included in a table on the next page.
2011 Wind Distribution for Perkins
Wind Speed (mph) Number of Days
3 6
4 13
5 29
6 43
7 37
8 50
9 31
10 37
11 24
12 22
13 20
14 11
15 11
16 12
17 9
18 2
19 2
20 2
21 2
22 1
Total Days 364
To calculate the probability density distribution, the probability of the occurrence of each speed must be determined. This is done by taking the number of days that that a particular speed is observed and dividing by the total number of days. The result is a plot of the probability of the wind speed as a function of the wind speed. The plot for Perkins in 2011 resulted in the plot below:
If the probabilities for all of the wind speeds were summed, the result would equal 1. It can be seen that for this site, the most common wind speed is 8 miles per hour and that particular wind speed will be observed at about .14 or 14% of the time.
Another factor that is considered when building a wind farm is the predictability of the wind speeds. Potential investors would certainly not want to build a farm on a site where they are unsure of the wind speeds. While a high standard deviation implies that winds for future days would be difficult to predict with much certainty, a low standard deviation (less than 4) suggests that the wind speeds are fairly consistent, or close to the mean. In an exercise below, we will compute the standard deviation of the wind speeds of your site, which will be a measure of the consistency of the wind speeds.
The Power Distribution of the Wind:
Recall from the previous laboratory that the energy producing potential of the wind varies as the cube of the wind speed. For example, a day with a wind speed of 10 miles per hour can generate eight times as much power as a day with a wind speed of 5 miles per hour. Although high winds are rare, they generate much, much more energy. Thus, sites that have the most very windy days have a higher energy generating potential.
To determine what wind speeds produce the most wind power at a site, the power distribution must be measured. This is obtained by multiplying the probability of a particular wind speed by the cube of the wind speed for each wind speed. The power distribution for Perkins is shown below.
Notice that the shape of this graph is very different than that for the wind distribution, but this graph is much more important. It suggests that even though the average and median wind speeds are about 9 miles per hour, the average power production of the wind at Perks is at 13 miles per hour! Another way of thinking about this is that 50% of all of the energy that can be produced by the wind in Putnam is produced in only 51 (14%) of the 364 days.
Questions and Exercises:
Submit both a Word Document and an Excel Spreadsheet for this lab that answers the following:
1. Generate a Weibull distribution for your wind farm site. You should be able to start with the same Excel Spreadsheet that you used for Lab #3. To find the probability density distribution (Weibull distribution) for your site, round the average wind speed for each day to the nearest integer by using the “ROUND” function. You will use the format, “=Round(Cx,d),” where Cx is the cell you wish to round, and d is the number of decimal places you wish to show. Since you are seeking integers, the value of d should be zero. Fill this function down so that all wind speeds are rounded to the nearest integer. Then, sort the data in this column, and count the number of days corresponding to each average wind speed. The table should look like the one for Putnam, Oklahoma shown in this lab. For each wind speed, calculate the fraction of days that the wind speed blows at that speed. This is done by taking the number of days that that speed is observed and dividing by the total number of days in the data set. To create the distribution diagram you plot the probability of the wind speed as a function of the wind speed. Copy the plot, and paste it into a Word document. Identify the average wind speed, the median wind speed and the modal wind speed. Comment on the graph. Is it symmetrical? In a couple of sentences, interpret the graph.
3. Compute the standard deviation of the unrounded wind data (from Lab #3). To do this, type “=STDEV(X)” where X highlights all of the wind speeds. Interpret your value. Does your site appear to have consistent or inconsistent wind speeds?
5. Determine at what wind speed half of the total power potential is produced. Comment on the difference between your power potential plot and the Weibull distribution plot.
Question 1
Average Wind Speed Rounded Wind Speed Sorted Wind Speed Wind Distribution
[mph] [mph] [mph] Wind Speed Number of Days Probability
16 16 16 3 [mph] [-] [-]
9.6 9.6 10 3 1 0 0
9.3 9.3 9 3 2 0 0
8 8 8 4 3 3 0.008333333
5.2 5.2 5 4 4 9 0.025
9.8 9.8 10 4 5 36 0.1
11 11 11 4 6 43 0.119444444
14.8 14.8 15 4 7 44 0.122222222
9.7 9.7 10 4 8 53 0.147222222
9 9 9 4 9 35 0.097222222
9.6 9.6 10 4 10 41 0.113888889
14.3 14.3 14 4 11 26 0.072222222
8.6 8.6 9 5 12 26 0.072222222
12.6 12.6 13 5 13 19 0.052777778
4.8 4.8 5 5 14 14 0.038888889
12.4 12.4 12 5 15 5 0.013888889
17.2 17.2 17 5 16 2 0.005555556
7.5 7.5 8 5 17 2 0.005555556
7.5 7.5 8 5 18 2 0.005555556
5 5 5 5 19 0 0
8 8 8 5 20 0 0
16.2 16.2 16 5 21 0 0
7.3 7.3 7 5 22 0 0
6.1 6.1 6 5 23 0 0
4.5 4.5 5 5 24 0 0
12.2 12.2 12 5 25 0 0
11.8 11.8 12 5 26 0 0
4.9 4.9 5 5 27 0 0
7 7 7 5 28 0 0
6.8 6.8 7 5 29 0 0
5.3 5.3 5 5 30 0 0
7.4 7.4 7 5 Total Days: 360 1
8.5 8.5 9 5
14.7 14.7 15 5 Average Wind Speed
14.1 14.1 14 5 [mph]
10 10 10 5 8.772222222
11.5 11.5 12 5
11.1 11.1 11 5 Median Wind Speed
8.4 8.4 8 5 [mph]
9.2 9.2 9 5 8
8.1 8.1 8 5
14.7 14.7 15 5 Modal Wind Speed
18.1 18.1 18 5 [mph]
8.7 8.7 9 5 8
9.4 9.4 9 5
9.7 9.7 10 5
11.1 11.1 11 5
11.9 11.9 12 5
6.8 6.8 7 6
8.9 8.9 9 6
6.2 6.2 6 6
7.5 7.5 8 6
10.5 10.5 11 6
5.1 5.1 5 6
12.1 12.1 12 6
10.4 10.4 10 6
13.3 13.3 13 6
7.7 7.7 8 6
12 12 12 6
9 9 9 6
6.3 6.3 6 6
8.3 8.3 8 6
13.9 13.9 14 6
8.8 8.8 9 6
10.8 10.8 11 6
7.6 7.6 8 6
13.1 13.1 13 6
12.3 12.3 12 6
7.3 7.3 7 6
5.9 5.9 6 6
7.5 7.5 8 6
10.3 10.3 10 6
9.4 9.4 9 6
7.1 7.1 7 6
9.4 9.4 9 6
6.7 6.7 7 6
9.6 9.6 10 6
5.5 5.5 6 6
5.7 5.7 6 6
4.2 4.2 4 6
11.3 11.3 11 6
9.8 9.8 10 6
11.4 11.4 11 6
6.2 6.2 6 6
10 10 10 6
5.2 5.2 5 6
8.6 8.6 9 6
7.7 7.7 8 6
5.7 5.7 6 6
8.9 8.9 9 6
6.7 6.7 7 6
6.4 6.4 6 7
9.9 9.9 10 7
10.2 10.2 10 7
3.6 3.6 4 7
4.2 4.2 4 7
5.9 5.9 6 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
7.6 7.6 8 7
10.3 10.3 10 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
9 9 9 7
7.8 7.8 8 7
8 8 8 7
7.7 7.7 8 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
4.5 4.5 5 7
4.6 4.6 5 7
6.1 6.1 6 7
4.7 4.7 5 7
7.6 7.6 8 7
7.3 7.3 7 7
4.8 4.8 5 7
7.8 7.8 8 7
8.4 8.4 8 7
7.8 7.8 8 7
5.6 5.6 6 7
5.6 5.6 6 7
6.8 6.8 7 7
6.5 6.5 7 7
7.9 7.9 8 7
8.2 8.2 8 7
5.8 5.8 6 7
4.6 4.6 5 7
9.6 9.6 10 7
11.8 11.8 12 7
8.2 8.2 8 7
7.2 7.2 7 7
10 10 10 7
6.1 6.1 6 7
9.7 9.7 10 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
5.5 5.5 6 7
6.3 6.3 6 7
12.3 12.3 12 8
8.4 8.4 8 8
5.3 5.3 5 8
8 8 8 8
10.4 10.4 10 8
9.9 9.9 10 8
9.6 9.6 10 8
12.1 12.1 12 8
6.6 6.6 7 8
10.6 10.6 11 8
4.1 4.1 4 8
5.4 5.4 5 8
5.8 5.8 6 8
7.4 7.4 7 8
7.7 7.7 8 8
5.8 5.8 6 8
8.6 8.6 9 8
4.5 4.5 5 8
9.1 9.1 9 8
5.7 5.7 6 8
6.3 6.3 6 8
8.1 8.1 8 8
7.1 7.1 7 8
7.3 7.3 7 8
7.6 7.6 8 8
8.2 8.2 8 8
5.2 5.2 5 8
5.2 5.2 5 8
4.7 4.7 5 8
6.5 6.5 7 8
5.7 5.7 6 8
5.2 5.2 5 8
6 6 6 8
8.4 8.4 8 8
4.6 4.6 5 8
7 7 7 8
5.1 5.1 5 8
5.2 5.2 5 8
4.9 4.9 5 8
7.3 7.3 7 8
6.9 6.9 7 8
5.8 5.8 6 8
8.3 8.3 8 8
11.7 11.7 12 8
4.9 4.9 5 8
11.3 11.3 11 8
7.5 7.5 8 8
4.2 4.2 4 8
3.4 3.4 3 8
7.1 7.1 7 8
10.2 10.2 10 8
4.9 4.9 5 8
10.3 10.3 10 8
11.6 11.6 12 9
10.8 10.8 11 9
12.5 12.5 13 9
11.7 11.7 12 9
7.7 7.7 8 9
12.6 12.6 13 9
10 10 10 9
14.1 14.1 14 9
13.7 13.7 14 9
7.8 7.8 8 9
12.4 12.4 12 9
13.6 13.6 14 9
6.9 6.9 7 9
11 11 11 9
16.5 16.5 17 9
14.1 14.1 14 9
8.9 8.9 9 9
10 10 10 9
10.8 10.8 11 9
11.3 11.3 11 9
8.1 8.1 8 9
12.9 12.9 13 9
9.3 9.3 9 9
7.4 7.4 7 9
6.3 6.3 6 9
9.4 9.4 9 9
14.4 14.4 14 9
13 13 13 9
12.1 12.1 12 9
7 7 7 9
8.3 8.3 8 9
8.7 8.7 9 9
8.6 8.6 9 9
9.5 9.5 10 9
8.9 8.9 9 9
8 8 8 10
10.6 10.6 11 10
8.7 8.7 9 10
9.5 9.5 10 10
4.2 4.2 4 10
10.3 10.3 10 10
9.9 9.9 10 10
10.3 10.3 10 10
7.3 7.3 7 10
10.4 10.4 10 10
9.3 9.3 9 10
9.3 9.3 9 10
9.3 9.3 9 10
6.9 6.9 7 10
6.1 6.1 6 10
11.3 11.3 11 10
10.7 10.7 11 10
4.5 4.5 5 10
5.7 5.7 6 10
5.6 5.6 6 10
9.6 9.6 10 10
13.4 13.4 13 10
4.8 4.8 5 10
8.3 8.3 8 10
12.2 12.2 12 10
4.3 4.3 4 10
6.5 6.5 7 10
8.8 8.8 9 10
7.1 7.1 7 10
8.4 8.4 8 10
7.4 7.4 7 10
10.6 10.6 11 10
14.2 14.2 14 10
12.5 12.5 13 10
9.3 9.3 9 10
9.9 9.9 10 10
18.1 18.1 18 10
11.3 11.3 11 10
12.7 12.7 13 10
13.3 13.3 13 10
13.9 13.9 14 10
13.9 13.9 14 11
12 12 12 11
8.1 8.1 8 11
7.1 7.1 7 11
7.2 7.2 7 11
10.2 10.2 10 11
12.6 12.6 13 11
11.6 11.6 12 11
11.6 11.6 12 11
13.6 13.6 14 11
13.4 13.4 13 11
7.2 7.2 7 11
9.8 9.8 10 11
13.6 13.6 14 11
8.6 8.6 9 11
7.7 7.7 8 11
6.2 6.2 6 11
10.2 10.2 10 11
8.9 8.9 9 11
7.3 7.3 7 11
9.5 9.5 10 11
8.3 8.3 8 11
4 4 4 11
7.2 7.2 7 11
10.8 10.8 11 11
10.5 10.5 11 11
12.9 12.9 13 12
9.9 9.9 10 12
11.1 11.1 11 12
10.6 10.6 11 12
11.7 11.7 12 12
11 11 11 12
10 10 10 12
8.6 8.6 9 12
14 14 14 12
6.1 6.1 6 12
10.7 10.7 11 12
12 12 12 12
12.2 12.2 12 12
5.3 5.3 5 12
10.4 10.4 10 12
13 13 13 12
8.2 8.2 8 12
8.2 8.2 8 12
15 15 15 12
7.3 7.3 7 12
5.9 5.9 6 12
6.9 6.9 7 12
4.2 4.2 4 12
6.8 6.8 7 12
5 5 5 12
12 12 12 12
12.5 12.5 13 13
4.6 4.6 5 13
7.5 7.5 8 13
6.7 6.7 7 13
7.6 7.6 8 13
4.7 4.7 5 13
5.4 5.4 5 13
5.3 5.3 5 13
13.2 13.2 13 13
6 6 6 13
6 6 6 13
7.5 7.5 8 13
9.9 9.9 10 13
3.3 3.3 3 13
6 6 6 13
5.1 5.1 5 13
6.5 6.5 7 13
5.6 5.6 6 13
8.4 8.4 8 13
12.5 12.5 13 14
4.8 4.8 5 14
10.9 10.9 11 14
8.1 8.1 8 14
10.8 10.8 11 14
12.2 12.2 12 14
6.8 6.8 7 14
8.3 8.3 8 14
8.2 8.2 8 14
7.9 7.9 8 14
6.7 6.7 7 14
13.4 13.4 13 14
14.9 14.9 15 14
10 10 10 14
12 12 12 15
9.4 9.4 9 15
6.1 6.1 6 15
7.5 7.5 8 15
3 3 3 15
5.9 5.9 6 16
7.1 7.1 7 16
6.9 6.9 7 17
6.1 6.1 6 17
9.2 9.2 9 18
9 9 9 18
Question 3
Standard Deviation
[mph]
2.934581593
Question 4
Power Distribution
Wind Speed Probability “Power Potential” Normalized Potential
[mph] [-] [-] [-]
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0.008333333 0.225 0.000245873
4 0.025 1.6 0.001748432
5 0.1 12.5 0.013659626
6 0.119444444 25.8 0.028193469
7 0.122222222 41.92222222 0.045811351
8 0.147222222 75.37777778 0.082370583
9 0.097222222 70.875 0.077450082
10 0.113888889 113.8888889 0.124454374
11 0.072222222 96.12777778 0.105045562
12 0.072222222 124.8 0.13637771
13 0.052777778 115.9527778 0.12670973
14 0.038888889 106.7111111 0.116610713
15 0.013888889 46.875 0.051223599
16 0.005555556 22.75555556 0.024866591
17 0.005555556 27.29444444 0.029826553
18 0.005555556 32.4 0.035405752
19 0 0 0
20 0 0 0
21 0 0 0
22 0 0 0
23 0 0 0
24 0 0 0
25 0 0 0
26 0 0 0
27 0 0 0
28 0 0 0
29 0 0 0
30 0 0 0
Total “Power Potential”: 915.1055556 1

What is the basic rate for room, board, and services (it’s a good idea to get this information in writing)?

February 29, 2024/in Uncategorized /by developer

Research the different nursing care facilities in your community. Discuss the pros and cons of the facility in terms of what they offer. Provide a brief report with the following questions:

• What is the basic rate for room, board, and services (it’s a good idea to get this information in writing)?

• What services are covered by this rate?

• Are there other services available and how much do they cost?

• What are the payment policies?

• What is the refund policy if someone leaves before the end of a month?

• What is the policy for rate increases?

• How long has the current administration been in place?

• Is there enough staff available to meet my needs?

• Is there frequent staff turnover?

• Is some level of nursing care provided (RN, LPN, Nursing

• Assistant)? How often is it available?

• Who will help me with medications if I need it (e.g. reminding me to take them, opening the bottle)?

• Can someone administer medications to me if I can’t take them myself (e.g. applying medication to my skin, putting a pill in my mouth)?

• Can someone help me if I need special care (e.g. caring for a wound)?

• What happens if I have an emergency? Can I get help right away?

• Are staffs suitably dressed, personable, and outgoing?

• Do the staff members treat residents with respect and dignity?

• Do staff members treat each other in a professional manner?

• What language does most of the staff speak?

• What type of help with personal care is available (e.g. bathing, dressing)?

• How flexible is the schedule for receiving help with personal care?

• What, if any, transportation services are available? (e.g. medical appointments, shopping, religious services).

• Will staff arrange for activities (e.g. hair appointment, concert)?

• How does the home support and accommodate personal hobbies?

• Are there regularly planned activities that I will enjoy?

• Will I be able to attend religious services of my choice?

• Can I bring my pet with me when I move?

• When can I have visitors?

• Are there shops, a library, a park, or other amenities within walking distance?

• Is the home close to activities I enjoy?

• Is the home on a bus line?

• Is there an outside area to sit, walk, or garden?

• Are there shops, a library, a park, or other amenities within walking distance?

• Is the home close to activities I enjoy?

• Is the home on a bus line?

• Is there an outside area to sit, walk, or garden?

• Is the floor plan easy to follow?

• Are doorways, hallways, and rooms accommodating to wheelchairs and walkers?

• Are there hand rails to help with walking and in the bathroom?

• Are cupboards and shelves easy to reach?

• Are there nonskid floors and firm carpets to assist walking?

• Does the home have good natural and artificial lighting?

• Is the home clean, free of odors, and well heated and cooled?

• Does the home meet my standards of cleanliness?

• Is the home free from obvious environmental hazards?

• Are the home’s rooms clean, safe, and adequate for my needs?

• Will I have free use of common areas, such as the kitchen, activity rooms, toilet facilities, dining room, or grounds?

• Can I smoke in my room or in common areas?

• What furniture is provided?

• Can I bring along some of my furniture or other personal items?

• Can I adjust the temperature of my room?

• Is there a sit-down shower?

• Can I have my own personal phone line or internet connection?

• Are emergency procedures clearly posted?

• Am I able to lock my room and/or are there locked areas in each room for personal valuables?

• Is the food pleasing, nutritious, adequate, and attractively served?

• What if I don’t like what is being served?

• Can I cook in my room?

• Are snacks available?

• Are there specific meal times or are they flexible?

• Is there a refrigerator available to store my personal food?

• Will the home meet my dietary or cultural food preferences?

• Can I request special foods?

• Do other residents socialize with each other and appear happy and comfortable?

• Do residents speak favorably of the facility?

• Do the residents look like people I want to live with?

• How are room changes and roommate concerns addressed?

• Is there a resident group that meets?

• Do any of the other residents have a history of violent or other problem behaviors? How are these situations handled by staff?Research the different nursing care facilities in your community. Discuss the pros and cons of the facility in terms of what they offer. Provide a brief report with the following questions:

• What is the basic rate for room, board, and services (it’s a good idea to get this information in writing)?

• What services are covered by this rate?

• Are there other services available and how much do they cost?

• What are the payment policies?

• What is the refund policy if someone leaves before the end of a month?

• What is the policy for rate increases?

• How long has the current administration been in place?

• Is there enough staff available to meet my needs?

• Is there frequent staff turnover?

• Is some level of nursing care provided (RN, LPN, Nursing

• Assistant)? How often is it available?

• Who will help me with medications if I need it (e.g. reminding me to take them, opening the bottle)?

• Can someone administer medications to me if I can’t take them myself (e.g. applying medication to my skin, putting a pill in my mouth)?

• Can someone help me if I need special care (e.g. caring for a wound)?

• What happens if I have an emergency? Can I get help right away?

• Are staffs suitably dressed, personable, and outgoing?

• Do the staff members treat residents with respect and dignity?

• Do staff members treat each other in a professional manner?

• What language does most of the staff speak?

• What type of help with personal care is available (e.g. bathing, dressing)?

• How flexible is the schedule for receiving help with personal care?

• What, if any, transportation services are available? (e.g. medical appointments, shopping, religious services).

• Will staff arrange for activities (e.g. hair appointment, concert)?

• How does the home support and accommodate personal hobbies?

• Are there regularly planned activities that I will enjoy?

• Will I be able to attend religious services of my choice?

• Can I bring my pet with me when I move?

• When can I have visitors?

• Are there shops, a library, a park, or other amenities within walking distance?

• Is the home close to activities I enjoy?

• Is the home on a bus line?

• Is there an outside area to sit, walk, or garden?

• Are there shops, a library, a park, or other amenities within walking distance?

• Is the home close to activities I enjoy?

• Is the home on a bus line?

• Is there an outside area to sit, walk, or garden?

• Is the floor plan easy to follow?

• Are doorways, hallways, and rooms accommodating to wheelchairs and walkers?

• Are there hand rails to help with walking and in the bathroom?

• Are cupboards and shelves easy to reach?

• Are there nonskid floors and firm carpets to assist walking?

• Does the home have good natural and artificial lighting?

• Is the home clean, free of odors, and well heated and cooled?

• Does the home meet my standards of cleanliness?

• Is the home free from obvious environmental hazards?

• Are the home’s rooms clean, safe, and adequate for my needs?

• Will I have free use of common areas, such as the kitchen, activity rooms, toilet facilities, dining room, or grounds?

• Can I smoke in my room or in common areas?

• What furniture is provided?

• Can I bring along some of my furniture or other personal items?

• Can I adjust the temperature of my room?

• Is there a sit-down shower?

• Can I have my own personal phone line or internet connection?

• Are emergency procedures clearly posted?

• Am I able to lock my room and/or are there locked areas in each room for personal valuables?

• Is the food pleasing, nutritious, adequate, and attractively served?

• What if I don’t like what is being served?

• Can I cook in my room?

• Are snacks available?

• Are there specific meal times or are they flexible?

• Is there a refrigerator available to store my personal food?

• Will the home meet my dietary or cultural food preferences?

• Can I request special foods?

• Do other residents socialize with each other and appear happy and comfortable?

• Do residents speak favorably of the facility?

• Do the residents look like people I want to live with?

• How are room changes and roommate concerns addressed?

• Is there a resident group that meets?

• Do any of the other residents have a history of violent or other problem behaviors? How are these situations handled by staff?

Complete the following Questions and Problems from each chapter as indicated

February 29, 2024/in Uncategorized /by developer

Use Fundamentals of Corporate Finance: Chapters 9,10, and 11 to answer the questions.

Show all work and analysis.

Prepare in Microsoft® Excel® or Word.

Ch. 9: Questions 7 & 8 (Questions and Problems section)

Ch. 10: Questions 3 & 13 (Questions and Problems section)

Ch. 11: Questions 1 & 7 (Questions and Problems section)

Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines if submitting in Microsoft® Word.

A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone

February 29, 2024/in Uncategorized /by developer

Fractures
Description
A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone
Traumatic injuries account for the majority of fractures
Description
Described and classified according to:
Type

Communication or noncommunication with external environment

Anatomic location

Types of Fractures

Fig. 61-4

Classification by Communication with
External Environment

Fig. 61-5

Classification by Fracture Location

Fig. 61-6

Description
Described and classified according to:
Appearance, position, and alignment of the fragments

Classic names

Stable or unstable

Description
Closed (also called simple) skin remain intact
Open (also called compound) skin is breeched.
Description
Stable fractures
Occur when a piece of the periosteum is intact across the fracture

External or internal fixation has rendered the fragments stationary

Description
Unstable fractures
Grossly displaced

Poor fixation

Clinical Manifestations

Immediate localized pain

 Function

Inability to bear weight or use affected part

Guarding

May or may not see obvious bone deformity

Fracture Healing

Reparative process of self-healing (union) occurs in the following stages:
Fracture hematoma (d/t bleeding, edema)

Granulation tissue → osteoid (3 – 14 days post injury)

Callus formation (minerals deposited in osteoid)

Fracture Healing

Reparative process of self-healing (union) occurs in the following stages:
Ossification (3 wks – 6 mos)

Consolidation (distance between fragments decreases → closes).

Remodeling (union completed; remodels to original shape, strength)

Bone Healing

Fig. 61-7

Collaborative Care

Overall goals of treatment:
Anatomic realignment of bone fragments (reduction)

Immobilization to maintain alignment (fixation)

Restoration of normal function

Collaborative Care
Fracture Reduction

Closed reduction
Nonsurgical, manual realignment

Open reduction
Correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision

Collaborative Care
Fracture Reduction

Traction (with simultaneous counter-traction)
Application of pulling force to attain realignment

Skin traction (short-term: 48-72 hrs)

Skeletal traction (longer periods)

See Table 61-7

Collaborative Care
Fracture Immobilization

Casts
Temporary circumferential immobilization device

Common following closed reduction

Casts

Fig. 61-9

Collaborative Care
Fracture Immobilization

External fixation
Metallic device composed of pins that are inserted into the bone and attached to external rods

Collaborative Care
Fracture Immobilization

Internal fixation
Pins, plates, intramedullary rods, and screws

Surgically inserted at the time of realignment

Collaborative Care
Fracture Immobilization

Traction
Application of a pulling force to an injured part of the body while countertraction pulls in the opposite direction

Collaborative Care
Fracture Immobilization

Purpose of traction:
Prevent or reduce muscle spasm

Immobilization

Reduction

Treat a pathologic condition

Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment for Fractures

Brief history of the accident
Mechanism of injury
Special emphasis focused on the region distal to the site of injury
Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment

Neurovascular assessment
Color and temperature

cyanotic and cool/cold: arterial insufficiency

Blue and warm: venous insufficiency

Capillary refill (want < 3 sec)

Peripheral pulses (↓ indicates vascular insufficiency)

Nursing Management
Nursing Assessment

Neurovascular assessment
Edema

Sensation

Motor function

Pain

Nursing Management
Nursing Diagnoses

Risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction
Acute pain
Risk for infection
Nursing Management
Nursing Diagnoses

Risk for impaired skin integrity
Impaired physical mobility
Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation

General post-op care
Assess dressings/casts for bleeding/drainage

Prevent complications of immobility

Measures to prevent constipation

Frequent position changes/ ambulate as permitted

ROM exercised of unaffected joints

Deep breathing

Isometric exercises

Trapeze bar if permitted

Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation

Traction
Ensure:

No frayed ropes, loose knots

Ropes in pulley grooves

Pulley clamps fastened securely

Weights must hang freely

Appropriate body alignment

Inspect skin

Around slings

Around pins

Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation: Cast care

Casts can cause neurovascular complications if
Too tight

Edematous

Frequent neurovascular checks
Ice and elevation during early phase
See Table 61-10
Complications of Fractures
Infection

Open fractures and soft tissue injuries have  incidence
Osteomyelitis can become chronic
Complications of Fractures
Infection

Collaborative Care
Open fractures require aggressive surgical debridement

Post-op IV antibiotics for 3 to 7 days (prophylactic)